Combustion apparatus for liquid fuel



Feb. 12, 1952 e. BERNHARD COMBUSTION APPARATUS FOR LIQUID FUEL 2SHEETS-SHEET Filed May 5, 1948 JNVENTOR.

ATTORNEY.

m d M A I'll/I192 Patented Feb. 12, 1952 UNITED STATES IPIATENTI-OFFICE; COMBUSTION USFOR LIQUID Y 7 George Bernhard, Hewlett, N. Y.,assignor of onehalf to Charles Bernhard, Great Neck, N. Y..

Application May 5, 1948, Serial No. 25,152 I This invention relates tocombustion apparatus, and particularly to devices utilizing liquid fueland known in the trade as oil burners.

While it is a fact that oil burners are on the market which are based onproper theories of fuel control and air supply, the difiicultiesencountered in installation and in servicing have resulted in awidespread situation of inefilciently operating burners being inconstant use. In order that an oil burner may be properly installed,serviced and made to function with best efficiency, latitude in adaptingthe burner to installation in difierent makes of furnaces is necessary,and at the same time afi'ording ready access by the Serviceman to makeinspections and are to improve the means of retention of parts;

simplicity of construction, assembly and use in general; and to obtain ahighly efficient oil burner with minimum parts and adjustments.

Other objects and advantages of the present invention will appear tothose skilled in the art to which it appertains as the descriptionproceeds, both by direct recitation thereof and by implication from thecontext.

In the accompanying drawings in which like numerals of referenceindicate similar parts throughout the several views;

Figure 1 is a vertical longitudinal section of a combustion apparatus inaccordance with my invention;

Figures 2 and 3 are cross-sections on lines 2--2 and 3--3 respectivelyof Fig. 1;

Figure 4 is a view partially in elevation and partially in longitudinalsection showing the airvalve and its adjustable mounting;

Figure 5 is a perspective view of the air valve and associated partspartially withdrawn from the secondary air tube;

Figure 6 is a perspective view of the blast tube from which the servicecover and the whirl chamber and cap are partially removed forillustrative advantage;

Figure 7 is a fragmentary longitudinal section of the blast tube at itsend next the main housing and showing a modified attachmenttherebetween; and

6 Claims. (01. 158-76) Figure 8 is a cross-section 'on' line 8 -8 ofFig. 7.

In the specific embodiment of the invention 11-- lustrated in saiddrawings, the'reference numeral l0 designates the main housingwhich'provides for appropriate mounting and operation'of a fan or blowerII for creating the copious air supply required for apparatus of thecharacter indicated. At the rear of this housing is an opening or'hatchI2 for access to the interior, said hatch being normally closed with acover (not shown) in operation of the burner. At the front of thehousing, aligned with the rear opening or hatch I2 is a forward openingdefined by a forwardly protruding hollow neck l3. Said neck constitutesasupporting means for a tubularjacket or blast tube I4 projectingforwardly from said neck and attached thereto.. Coaxial to and withinthe blast tube 14 is an inner tube l5 considerablysmaller and muchcloser to the end of the blast tube so as to provide an annular passageI6 between the inner tube and the blast tube for the primary air flowfrom the housing to the forward ends of said tubes. The interior ofinner tube l5 in like manner constitutes a passage IT for the secondaryair flow from the housingto the forward end of said inner tube. At theforward end of the blasttu'be I4 is a hollow nose or air concentrator l8the interior whereof constitutes a whirl chamber by virtue of aplurality of spiral vanes. l9 therein.

For installations where needed, further air concentration may beobtained by addition of a frusto-conical hollow. nose extension or chokering 20 secured on the forward part of said nose as by screws 2 I. Saidhollow nose l8 andapplied choke ring together are referred to herein asa cap. Attention is directed to the fact that the forward end of inner.tube l5 converges somewhat in its approach to and projection throughhollow nose l8 whereby secondary air velocity at the end of said tube isincreased, and said nose likewise has a converging relation to the nosetherebyalso increasing theprimary air velocity from the nose. In thoseinstallations where the nose extension is employedthefurtherconstriction introduced thereby additionally increases thevelocity of the primary air-which adds velocity impetus to the stream ofsecondaryair enveloped thereby. While nose l8 terminatesrearwardly ofthe end of the inner tube, the extension 20 on the nose brings theeffective outlet forwardly beyond-the end of the inner tube. :Whileconvergence of the nose end ofcthe-air passages effects an increase invelocity of the-air, it also tends to obstruct the-air so hat thereis-in velocity and increase the air volume by omission v of the noseextension. The burner thus con- I justed relation to the valve seat atthe rear end structed is adapted to more universal use on varl ousinstallation requirements.

Coaxially within tube I5 is a.fuel feed pi e'zz 1 the forward end ofwhich carries a usual or atomizing nozzle 23. The rear end of thecoaxial feed pipe extends to the rear opening or hatch =l2 of thehousing and is there provided with an elbow, 24 for connection, by pipe25-, to the usual fuel pump (not shown) or other source of fuel supply.Said feed-pipe .22 preferably fixed with respect to the housing, and byattachment to aspider bracket 2fiis maintained coaxial within ,said tubel5. Said spider bracket has 'slidable engagement with the inner wall of.said inner tube therebypermitting longitudinal adjustment of saidtubewithout disturbing the position of the spider, feed .pipe. or nozzle.The spider also makes provision for support and retention ofspark-forming electrodes 27 extending therefrom longitudinally of thefeed pipe forwardly we next. the.,-fue'l-ejecting forward end of thenozzle for igniting the fuel and instigating the name. Electric cablesor wires 28 connect to and extend rearwardly from said electrodes 21 andmake exit through the housing l0 and hatch l2. Appropriate support forthese cables maybeprovided, as required, by atrefoil'or other bracket 2%mounted on the fuel feed pipe 22.

. [On the outside of inner tube l5 are'secured a pluralityoflongitudinal fins 39 thelouter edges of which have sliding contact withthe inner surface of blast tube l4 thereby holding said tubes coaxial toeach other but permitting the inner tube to be longitudinallyadjustedwith respect to the outer or blast tube. An adjusting ,bar 3| is.secured' to one of the fins 30, extending rearwardly therefrom injuxtaposition to. a longitudinal slot 32,..inthe wall of the blast tubeand 1 has a screw 33 projecting from the bar through the slot movable insaid slot forshifting the bar and inner tube lengthwise of the slot andtube. Awvingnut 34 on the screw constitutes a convenient means forclamping the barv in place and thus holding the inner tube fixed in itsadjusted position H I Qflhe rear end of inner tube I 5 ,censtitutesanannular seat 35 for engagement by a forwardly facing valve head 36coaxial therewith and slidable upon fuel pipe 22. This valve 'head iscohstructed, arranged and retained to enable a wide range of adjustmentof secondary airflow'to be obtained for-the inner tube; as the valvehead may "seat against the end' of said tube or 'may beretractedyaryin'g distances/to admit air up to the full capacity of thetube. As shown, the adjustment for said valve is by means of an arm '31jprojecting radially therefrom in aflocatioh substantially diametricallyopposite from the inner tube adjusting bar. 'f'his'locatio'n' ispreferred so as to enable a workman to conveniently manipulate the innertube adjustment and the valve head adjustment simultaneously "withhistwo "tube. an-adjusting screw 38 extends 'i'otatably 4 through said armnext the outer end of the arm with the screw paralleling the tube axisand the screw head at the rear side of the arm. The screw extendsforwardly and threads into a circumferentially projecting leg 39 of anL-bracket the other leg of which is secured to one of the fins of -theinner tube I5. A compression spring 40 surrounds the screw and appliesresilient pressure to the radial arm 31 so as to keep the arm againstthe screw head in any adjusted position of the screw, Manipulation ofsaid screw will accordingly locate the valve head in desired adof theinner tube and retain that adjustment irrespective of-adjustment made ofthe location of the inner tube with respect to the outer tube and its'nose. A conveniently large hand hole 4| is made in the outer tube invicinity of the valve head and its adjusting arm. As here shown, saidhand hole'is 'of elongated rectangular shape extending fromapproximatelythe valve to the rear end of said blast tube, and is closedin use of the combustion apparatus by a suitable cover 42.

A'further feature of the invention resides in the convenient mounting ofthe blast tube upon the housingand assembly of the inner tube and valvetherewith enabling ready removal of the several .parts from the housing,as well as the simple return of or replacement of parts to theirappointed places. In furtherance of this feature, the ,rear end of theblast tube where attaching to the housing neck I3, is longitudinallysplit as far as the hand holeso as to be diametrically expandible andcontractible to fit the neck and to begrelea'sable therefrom. InFigures, 1, 2 and 3 the blast tube is constructed to be applied to theexteriorsurface of the neck and to be clamped thereon .by a contractingclamp collar 43 of the .general characterization of a hose clamp. InFigures '7 and 8,- the rearsplit end of the blast tube is insertedwithin the hollow neck 13 and expanded and clamped by segmental arcuateclarnpmembers 44 each of which has end portions .eidirected toward eachother on a chordal line. lheend portions, here referred to as a pair, of:one clamp member are parallel to the pair of end portions, of. theother member. A screw 46 extends from one endportion of one pair to acorresponding end portion of the other pair and by virtue thereof theclamp members may be forced outward -to clamp the blast tube against theinside wall of the housing neck.

-I claim:

1. Combustion apparatus comprising a housing having a front opening, ablast tube projecting from said opening, an inner tube within saidblast-tube longitudinally adjustable therein, an adjustable valve headat an end of said inner etuhe and adjusting means at opposite sides ofthe blast tube, one said adjusting means'being attached in part totheblast tube and in part to the inner tube and the other adjusting meansbeing carried'in part by theinner tube and in part by thevalve head.

* '2'. Combustion apparatus comprising a housing having a front opening,a blast tube projecting from said opening, an inner tube within said-blast tube longitudinally adjustable therein, longitudinal fins on saidinner tube projecting radially therefrom and having guiding engagementwith the blast tube, an adjustable valve head at 'an end of said innertube, and two adjusting means, onefor adjustment of the inner tubehaving connection with one fin and the blast tube,

and the other for adjustment of the valve head having connection withanother fin and the valve head.

3. Combustion apparatus comprising a hous ing having a front opening, ablast tube projecting from said opening, an inner tube within said blasttube longitudinally adjustable therein, diametrically oppositelongitudinal fins on said inner tube projecting radially therefrom andhaving guiding engagement with the blast tube, an adjustable valve headat an end of said inner tube, and two adjusting means of which one isdiametrically opposite the other and of which one is connected to one ofsaid fins and the other is connected to a diametrically opposite fin andone of said adjusting means being connected with said blast tube and theother being connected to said valve head.

4. Combustion apparatus comprising a housing having a front opening, ablast tube projecting from said opening, an inner tube within said blasttube longitudinally adjustable therein, an adjustable valve head at anend of said inner tube, adjusting means for said valve head adjacent thesame and wholly Within said blast tube, said blast tube having a handopening next said adjusting means, and a movable cover for said openingwhereby access may be gained to said adjusting means.

5. Combustion apparatus comprising a housing having a front opening, ablast tube projecting from said opening, an inner tube within said blasttube longitudinally adjustable therein, an adjustable valve head at anend of said inner tube, adjusting means for said valve head adjacent thesame and wholly Within the said blast tube, said blast tube having ahand opening next said adjusting means, and a movable cover for saidopening whereby access may be gained to said adjusting means, andadjusting means at one side of the exterior of said blast tube foradjusting the position of the inner tube in the blast tube.

6. Combustion apparatus comprising a housing having a front opening, ablast tube projecting from said opening, an inner tube within said blasttube longitudinally adjustable therein, an adjustable valve head at anend of said inner tube, adjusting means for said valve head adjacent thesame and within said blast tube, said blast tube having a hand openingnext said adjusting means and a movable cover for said opening wherebyaccess may be gained to said adjusting means, and adjusting means at theexterior of said blast tube diametrically on the opposite side of theblast tube from said hand opening for adjusting the position of theinner tube in the blast tube.

GEORGE BERNHARD.

REFERENCES CITED The following references are of record in the file ofthis patent:

UNITED STATES PATENTS Number Name Date 183,494 Draper Oct. 24, 18762,120,387 Bargeboer June 14, 1938 2,131,553 DeLin Sept. 27, 19382,156,405 Smoot May 2, 1939 2,215,101 Haas e Sept. 1'7, 1940 2,221,519Jones, et al Nov. 12, 1940 2,222,031 Hammer Nov. 19, 1940 2,233,529 HerrMar. 4, 1941 2,325,443 Vroom July 27, 1943 2,393,897 Glendenning Jan.29, 1946

